I didn't know this about Nantes when I planned to visit here, because at a glance it doesn't look like it's on the water -- but it's a port town and a ship-building city that brought a massive amount of wealth to France in the golden age of sail.
It's close enough to the mouth of the Loire and has a deep enough river draw that boats were built there for centuries, and the close connection to Britain meant that the culture and economy was heavily focused around ocean trade.
With a well established agricultural industry already in place, France didn't have an economic justification to import enslaved peoples the way the colonies did, and the trade winds that caused the triangle trade to run so profitably didn't incentivize changing that.
So there weren't every very many enslaved people in France widely, or in Nantes in particular.
But many of the men who lived here, who set sail from here, and who built huge empires of wealth here did so because they bought people in Africa, sold them in Brazil and St. Martin and Georgia, and then bought sugar and molasses and cocoa in those places and brought it to Europe, before returning again to the African coast.
Millions of people were displaced, held in captivity against their will, then lived, raised children, and died, all far from their homes, as a result of that economic engine.
About 25 years ago the French National Assembly officially acknowledged that as a series of crimes against humanity. Nantes, to its credit, has put a lot of effort into telling the story of slavery honestly, in a way that gives the horror of it a weight that feels appropriate.
One of those ways is Le Mémorial de l'abolition de l'esclavage (the memorial to the abolition of slavery), a powerful memorial that's . . . kindof impossible to photograph.
Aboveground it's a series of glass tiles embedded in the concrete surface of the Quai, each one bearing the name of a sailing vessel that set out from Nantes, plus the name of the port to which it delivered that awful cargo (I believe this means certain ship names appear more than once).
Under the quai, against the waterline, there is a walk that contains both educational and hopeful and uplifting messages about slavery as it was, and abolition as it is.
It was there that I first saw a Sankey diagram that helped me understand something I never new before, which was how the numbers actually played out across Africa and the eastern edge of the Americas.
I'm not sure that I think the damage done by that industry can be understated. I am not sure that the morality of it can ever be demonized enough.
But Nantes is doing their part, finding new ways to put an awareness of that awful history in front of people.
Another example -- when I visited the history museum, I found them working that awareness into the museum's exhibits.
In addition to adding an entire museum section about the trade that was haunting and powerful, they also worked with a couple of artists to bring artwork into the museum that helped challenge the visitor's perceptions.
One way they did that was a series of portraits by Omar Victor Diop, which were striking.
But more powerful and blunt was work from Rosana Paulino, a contemporary artist, which they embedded directly into historical displays showcasing the wealth of Nantes -- particularly parts of that wealth that were purchased and created at the height of the triangle trade.
This was a gut wrenching and brilliant choice by the museum's curator. Top marks.
I was really glad to see the work they are doing.
. . .
As I was walking away from the Memorial, there was a school group encircled around a teacher.
She was speaking slowly, in both audible French and in sign language.
The group of students in front of her were all white, save one, a tall lanky boy with the dark skin that implied ancestry from sub-Saharan Africa.
The other students were each standing singularly, but that boy was being hugged by another, a white boy his age, with a shock of unruly brown hair and a kind expression, who was saying something to him that had them both awkwardly laughing.
There was as soft gentleness to the voices; I did not catch what was being said. The impression that I have, which I hope was right, was that of one friend comforting another, acknowledging the awkwardness of this moment, and saying "hey, this is just a field trip for most us, but I know it's going to hit different for you, and whatever you need, I will try to help you feel at ease. You're my friend."
It felt like the sort of uncomfortable we should always hope such a memorial will facilitate. The kind of discomfort that can teach and heal.
If you haven't had the chance to find a place that you feel healthy discomfort in the past year -- may this serve as an encouragement to do so.























































